Oh, yea the thick part is the liner, that's the part you don't want to damage. Its like a firebrick, otherwise you would probably burn through the chamber.
For my siphon system I think I am running somewhere around 6 or 8 psi. I used to have the shop compressor connected, but it seemed like overkill and I didn't want to keep putting hours on it, so I bought a Thomas 2660 vacuum pump. It will work as a vacuum pump or a compressor. It is very quiet and small. It kicks on with the burner and runs the entire time. It's more than enough air for a siphon system. I would never go back to using a full size compressor.
The new Harbor Freight ultra quiet compressors use the same style compressor I belive.